Liquefied Natural Gas

LNG is primarily methane cooled to approximately −162 °C at atmospheric pressure. Transported in cryogenic carriers with insulated membrane or Moss-type tanks, LNG emits ~20–25% less CO₂, near-zero SOx, and ~85–90% less NOx than HFO, making it a leading transitional decarbonisation marine fuel. LNG bunkering infrastructure is expanding at major ports worldwide. Methane slip (uncommon combustion releasing unburned CH₄) is an ongoing challenge requiring two-stroke high-pressure gas injection or four-stroke lean-burn engines.