A Guide To HAZMAT Cargo Loading On Ships

A Guide To HAZMAT Cargo Loading on Ships

Different ships carry different types and forms of cargo at sea. Maritime regulations maintain a database of approximately 5,000 different categories of HAZMAT Cargo . As a maritime professional, knowing whether your vessel is carrying HAZMAT Cargo is crucial.

A common misconception is that the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) is the sole reference for all HAZMAT Cargo transported by sea. The IMDG Code covers approximately 3,500 products, while the remainder are regulated by the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, the International Convention on the Management of Chemicals (IGC), Annex I of MARPOL, and other regulations.

The IMDG Code applies to cargoes transported in packaged form; however, many ships also transport solid, liquid, and gaseous cargoes in bulk.

The maritime transport of dangerous goods (HAZMAT) requires compliance with various regulations related to proper packaging and storage, and requires enhanced communication between the competent authorities and all parties involved in the transport to avoid any accidents.

Regulations for the Transport of HAZMAT Cargo

Parties must adhere to more stringent requirements than for other common cargoes. Dangerous goods vary in nature or class. Some are simply contaminated, some may be harmful to humans, and some are both.

If the cargo is delivered in packaged form, the shipper is responsible for proper packaging according to the requirements of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. Container ships are the most common means of maritime transport today, and a single container can carry cargo from two different shippers.

For HAZMAT Cargo, separate containers can be used to store such cargo appropriately and safely. Even if a container can hold more cargo, it may not carry other types of cargo (depending on the characteristics of the dangerous goods).

HAZMAT Cargo can be transported to their destination by various means; however, sea transport is considered the most stringent due to the typically large volumes carried by sea compared to air and land transport. To prepare for the transport of HAZMAT Cargo by sea, both the shipper and the vessel must do their part to ensure safe transportation.

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Shipper's Responsibilities:

- The shipper is responsible for classifying the cargo according to the designated maritime regulations/annexes. This must include the correct shipping name (PSN), dangerous goods details (RQ), flash point of the product to be shipped in bulk, marine pollutant class, etc.

- Properly pack HAZMAT Cargo to ensure the safety of the crew and the ship's cargo. If the cargo is packaged and shipped, it may need to be properly secured and stowed on pallets, and the shipper must perform these procedures effectively.

- Provide appropriate documentation and certificates to prepare a dangerous goods declaration for the cargo to be loaded. Without these documents, the vessel will not be able to load the cargo, as required.

- Provide handling and emergency procedures (such as fire-fighting procedures for specific cargoes). The handling procedures and fire-fighting requirements for certain products, such as chemicals, may differ from those for gas cylinders transported on board.

- Provide preventive and safety measures for planning cargo storage on board. Many dangerous goods (HAZMAT) cargoes interact with other types of cargo when stored together. The shipper must provide this detailed information to the ship to facilitate the development of a cargo storage plan. For example, non-flammable gases in Division 2.2 and flammable liquids in Class 3 should not be stored near each other, even in separate containers.

When transporting HAZMAT Cargo in containers, the shipper must provide the master/ chief officer with a container packing certificate and other dangerous goods-specific documentation. These documents must include:

A statement certifying that the container is packed in accordance with the applicable International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code

• Name of the certifying body
• Suitability of the container structure
• Segregation requirements
• Requirements for dangerous goods containers
• The vessel must be inspected and be in good condition

Responsibilities of the master and crew

When transporting HAZMAT Cargo in containers, the shipper must submit a container packing certificate and other dangerous goods-related documents to the captain/chief mate. This certificate must include the following:

A statement that the container has been packed in accordance with the applicable International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)

Name of the certifying body

Container structural effectiveness

Segregation requirements

Hazardous Chemical Safety Management Requirements (HAZCOM) for containers

Packages inspected and are in good condition

Responsibilities of the Captain and Crew

Once the cargo is ready for loading, the captain is solely responsible for ensuring that all necessary laws and regulations are properly complied with. Since the shipper will be submitting documents for the captain's review, he or she must ensure that all transport documents, package markings, and certificates related to dangerous goods shipments are written in English (or other languages ​​as required) and are readily available with supporting documentation.

If the shipping documents, shipper's declaration, container packing certificate, or other dangerous goods-related documents are incomplete or missing any information, the relevant authorities have the right to stop the shipment.

Operated Deck Officers on Tankers

Upon receipt of the HAZMAT Cargo to be loaded and the relevant documentation, the Master must ensure the following:

Notify the relevant authorities (at the port of discharge) of the Hazmat cargo specifications and requirements.

The Chief Officer prepares a cargo stowage plan based on the Hazmat cargo requirements.

During loading, packaging (if already packaged) will be inspected and verified in accordance with the requirements of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code.

Hazmat cargo should be kept as far away from accommodation spaces as possible.

Deck officers responsible for cargo stowage and monitoring should be aware of emergency response information.

If the vessel is carrying multiple Hazmat cargoes, the crew should properly segregate the cargoes.

Crew members are aware of incident reporting requirements.

Crew members are aware of the training and safety requirements related to dangerous goods.

The Chief Officer must prepare a dangerous goods manifest.

Regulatory agencies should be aware of Hazmat shipments received on board. Dangerous Goods Manifest (DGM):

A Dangerous Goods Manifest (DGM) is a document detailing the Hazmat loading and storage plan. It is compiled by the Chief Officer upon receipt of the shipping documents from the shipper or agent. The primary purpose of compiling a manifest is to ensure that all information related to the shipment of dangerous goods on board is centralized in a single document, the DGM.

The Dangerous Goods Manifest (DGM) contains all the essential and necessary information found in the shipping documents and packing certificates, making these documents unnecessary for carriage on board the ship.

A compiled Dangerous Goods Manifest must include the following:

• Information included in the shipping documents
• Storage plan for Hazmat loaded on board
• Segregation plan for dangerous goods loaded on board
• Emergency action plan for dangerous goods
• Vessors must retain a copy of the Dangerous Goods Manifest for at least one year.

Dangerous Goods Manifest Contents:

• Vessel's name and number or International Maritime Organization (IMO) call sign
• Vessel's nationality (flag state)
• Technical name and IMO class of the dangerous goods
• Total number of packages shipped
• Location of the cargo according to the vessel's cargo stowage plan
• Actions to be taken in the event of an emergency
• Emergency response contact number
• Gross weight of each package.

Other relevant information that may be added to the Dangerous Goods Manifest (DGM) for use by maritime or port authorities includes:

Name and contact details of the vessel's operator

• Location of the vessel's moorings
• Contact details and telephone number of the cargo owner
• A complete weekly record of all Hazmat received and disbursed
• Location of the vessel's internal dangerous goods tanks (IMDGs)

Onboard firefighting arrangements

The Dangerous Goods Manifest is typically kept on the vessel's bridge during voyage, with a copy stored in a specially marked container in the cargo control room before the vessel arrives in port.

Even if the next port is not the place where the dangerous goods cargo was unloaded, a copy should be retained for reference. The Hazmat manifest must be kept in a readily accessible location upon request.

The captain must carefully review and sign the dangerous goods manifest.

Dangerous Goods Transport Report: Many countries and maritime authorities require reporting of Hazmat cargo.

Hazardous Materials Loading

International hazardous materials containers loaded using port cranes

The most important information to report includes:

• The classification of the hazardous material, and details of the relevant International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations or conventions
• The name of the product, as determined by legal instruments
• The United Nations number of the hazardous material for the identification of the shipment
• The International Maritime Organization (IMO) hazard class: required for the proper identification of the characteristics and properties of substances, materials, and articles
• The total amount of hazardous materials carried on board per shipment
• The location on board is used to identify hazardous and contaminated cargo to provide necessary assistance during rescue or salvage operations
• The identification of transport units carrying hazardous or contaminated cargo
• If applicable, the ship's class according to the International Maritime Code (INF Code).